Common Gynecological Infections in Pregnancy

Pregnancy brings significant changes to a woman’s body, including hormonal fluctuations and a weakened immune system. These changes can make pregnant women more susceptible to gynecological infections, which, if left untreated, may impact both maternal and fetal health. Understanding these infections, their symptoms, and ways to prevent them is crucial for a safe pregnancy.

1. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) in Pregnancy

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. It affects approximately 10-30% of pregnant women.

Causes

BV occurs when harmful bacteria overgrow and outnumber the beneficial lactobacilli in the vaginal flora.

Symptoms

• Unusual grayish or white vaginal discharge
• Strong fishy odor, especially after intercourse
• Vaginal irritation or itching

Potential Risks

If left untreated, BV can increase the risk of:

• Preterm labor
• Low birth weight
• Premature rupture of membranes

Treatment & Prevention

• Doctors may prescribe antibiotics such as metronidazole or clindamycin to treat BV.
• Avoid douching and using heavily scented hygiene products to maintain vaginal flora balance.
• Wear breathable cotton underwear to prevent excessive moisture.

2. Yeast Infections (Candidiasis) in Pregnancy

Candida is a type of fungus that naturally exists in the vagina without causing harm. However, hormonal changes during pregnancy can disrupt vaginal pH, leading to an overgrowth of Candida, resulting in a yeast infection.

Symptoms

• Thick, white, cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge
• Itching and burning sensation in the vaginal area
• Redness and swelling of the vulva

Potential Risks

While yeast infections do not directly harm the baby, they can cause significant discomfort to the mother and increase the likelihood of the newborn contracting oral thrush if left untreated.

Treatment & Prevention

• Antifungal creams and suppositories (such as clotrimazole or miconazole) are commonly used for treatment.
• Increase intake of probiotics (such as yogurt) to maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome.
• Reduce sugar intake, as high sugar levels can promote yeast overgrowth.

3. Gonorrhea-Related Vaginal Infections

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can cause serious reproductive health issues, particularly during pregnancy.

Symptoms

• Painful urination
• Pus-like or yellowish-green vaginal discharge
• Pelvic pain and discomfort

Potential Risks

If gonorrhea is left untreated, it can:

• Increase the risk of miscarriage and preterm birth
• Lead to neonatal eye infections, which can cause blindness in newborns
• Contribute to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), leading to infertility

Treatment & Prevention

• Gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics such as ceftriaxone and azithromycin.
• Pregnant women should undergo routine STI screenings to detect and treat infections early.
• Use barrier protection methods (condoms) if sexually active with multiple partners.

4. Cervicitis (Cervical Inflammation) During Pregnancy

Cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervix caused by bacterial infections, viruses, or irritants. It can sometimes be linked to STIs such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.

Symptoms

• Increased vaginal discharge with a foul smell
• Pain during intercourse
• Pelvic discomfort or lower abdominal pain

Potential Risks

Untreated cervicitis can lead to:

• Miscarriage or preterm labor
• Transmission of infections to the baby
• Increased risk of postpartum infections

Treatment & Prevention

• Doctors may prescribe antibiotics if the inflammation is caused by bacterial infections.
• Avoid using harsh feminine hygiene products, which can cause irritation.
• Regular prenatal check-ups help detect cervicitis early and prevent complications.

How to Prevent Gynecological Infections During Pregnancy

To reduce the risk of infections, pregnant women should follow these preventive measures:

1. Maintain Proper Vaginal Hygiene

• Use warm water for cleansing the intimate area.
• Avoid douching, as it disrupts the natural balance of vaginal bacteria.
• Choose mild, fragrance-free feminine hygiene products.

2. Wear Comfortable and Breathable Clothing

• Opt for cotton underwear to keep the vaginal area dry and prevent excessive moisture buildup.
• Change underwear daily and avoid tight-fitting clothing that traps heat and sweat.

3. Follow a Balanced Diet

• Include probiotic-rich foods like yogurt and fermented foods to support a healthy vaginal microbiome.
• Reduce sugar intake to prevent yeast overgrowth.
• Stay hydrated and consume plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.

4. Attend Regular Prenatal Checkups

• Routine prenatal screenings can help detect infections early.
• If experiencing any unusual symptoms, consult a healthcare provider immediately.

5. Practice Safe Sexual Health

• If sexually active, use protection (condoms) to prevent STIs.
• Ensure that both partners get tested for STIs before pregnancy to reduce risks.

Final Thoughts

Gynecological infections during pregnancy can pose health risks for both mother and baby. Recognizing the symptoms and seeking early treatment is essential to ensuring a healthy pregnancy. By maintaining proper hygiene, following a balanced diet, and scheduling regular prenatal check-ups, expecting mothers can significantly reduce the risk of infections and promote overall reproductive health.

If you experience any abnormal symptoms, consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment to ensure the safety of both you and your baby.